In a rare and highly anticipated summit, North Korea’s leader Kim Jong Un met with Russian President Vladimir Putin on Wednesday, raising concerns about the potential for a weapons deal that could violate international sanctions. Kim’s visit to Russia, his first foreign trip since the pandemic began, underscores the strategic importance North Korea places on its relationship with Russia.

Kim arrived in Russia via his bullet-proof train, accompanied by a substantial entourage that suggested a strong military focus for the talks. The official Korean Central News Agency reported that he was greeted by an honour guard and officials upon his arrival in the border town of Khasan on Tuesday.

While Kim was in Russia, North Korea conducted a ballistic missile test on Wednesday, according to the South Korean military. This test is the latest in a series of provocative actions by North Korea that have defied international sanctions.

During the summit, Kim emphasised the significance of North Korea’s ties with Russia, stating that his visit was “a clear manifestation” of this prioritisation. However, specific details about the summit’s agenda and outcomes remain undisclosed.

President Putin, who was already at the Vostochny Cosmodrome, a Russian spaceport located approximately 1,000 kilometres from Vladivostok, awaited Kim’s arrival for the summit. The choice of this location is symbolic and may signal Russia’s willingness to assist North Korea with its rocketry and satellite programs.

Experts believe that Russia may be interested in North Korea’s stockpile of artillery shells, likely for potential use in Ukraine. In return, Pyongyang may seek assistance in upgrading its aging Soviet-era military equipment, particularly for its air force and navy. The potential exchange of weaponry between North Korea and Russia could have significant implications for the ongoing conflict in Ukraine.

Notably, the White House has issued warnings regarding any arms deal between North Korea and Russia, stating that North Korea would “pay a price” if it supplies weaponry for the conflict in Ukraine.