People who take acid-reducing drugs may face an elevated risk of migraine and other severe headaches compared to those who do not use these medications, according to a recent study published in the online issue of Neurology® Clinical Practice, an official journal of the American Academy of Neurology.
The Acid-Reducing Drugs Under Scrutiny
The study focused on several classes of acid-reducing drugs:
- Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs): These include commonly used medications like omeprazole and esomeprazole.
- Histamine H2-Receptor Antagonists (H2 Blockers): Examples include cimetidine and famotidine.
- Antacid Supplements: These are often taken to alleviate symptoms related to acid reflux.
Association, Not Causation
It’s essential to emphasise that the study does not establish a causal relationship between acid-reducing drugs and migraines. Instead, it highlights an association. Acid reflux, characterised by stomach acid flowing into the esophagus (especially after meals or while lying down), can cause heartburn and ulcers. Chronic acid reflux may lead to gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), which, in severe cases, can increase the risk of esophageal cancer.
Study Findings
Researchers analysed data from 11,818 participants who reported their use of acid-reducing drugs and their history of migraines or severe headaches over the past three months. Here are the key findings:
- Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs): 25% of participants taking PPIs experienced migraines or severe headaches, compared to 19% of those not using these drugs.
- Histamine H2-Receptor Antagonists (H2 Blockers): 25% of individuals on H2 blockers reported severe headaches, versus 20% of non-users.
- Antacid Supplements: 22% of those taking antacids had severe headaches, similar to the 20% rate among non-users.
Risk Adjustments
When accounting for other factors that might influence migraine risk (such as age, sex, caffeine, and alcohol use), the study revealed the following increased likelihoods:
- PPI Users: 70% higher risk of migraines.
- H2 Blocker Users: 40% higher risk.
- Antacid Users: 30% higher risk.
Implications and Further Investigation
Dr. Margaret Slavin, the study’s lead author from the University of Maryland in College Park, emphasised the need for additional research. “Given the widespread use of acid-reducing drugs and their potential implications for migraines, these results warrant further investigation,” she stated. “Moreover, recent research has also linked long-term PPI use to an increased risk of dementia.”
Individuals with migraines or severe headaches who currently take these medications should consult their healthcare providers to assess the benefits and risks.
